Edward Haertel is the Jacks Family Professor of Education, Emeritus at the Stanford Graduate School of Education. He is an expert in the area of educational testing and assessment. His research and teaching focus on psychometrics and educational policy, especially test-based accountability and related policy uses of test data. His recent work has examined standard-setting methods; limitations of value-added models for teacher and school accountability; impacts of testing on curriculum, students, and educational policy; test reliability; and generalizability theory.