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Data show that about 1 in 8 of all teaching positions nationally are either unfilled or filled by teachers not fully certified for their assignments. Ongoing teacher shortages affect students in all types of districts. Local, state, and federal education leaders and policymakers can implement evidence-based solutions to build a strong and stable teacher workforce.
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As a supplement to the State Teacher Shortages 2025 Update tool, this analyses includes data on the number of states reporting shortages by teaching area (i.e., special education, science, mathematics, language arts, etc.).
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Young people today show troubling signs of declining mental health, and more than half of children with mental health issues have an unmet need for mental health care. Schools rely on school counselors, psychologists, and community mental health providers to support students’ mental health; however, their ability to provide needed supports is strained.
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Not all school safety strategies are effective, and some can lead to unintended consequences. Existing research sheds light on the evidence base for two very different approaches to school safety and their effectiveness in creating safe schools.
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Investments in the community schools strategy have increased in recent years as has the research on major state and district community school initiatives. Findings show that community schools are linked to improved student attendance, achievement, and school climate.
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To fully grasp the complexities of education funding in the United States and understand why money matters, it is essential to examine the unique challenges American schools face, the costs associated with providing a high-quality education, and research on the impact of increasing and decreasing education funding.
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Low pay and high credentialing costs make it difficult to build a diverse, stable teacher workforce. Policies reducing student loan debt can ease financial barriers for teachers while improving recruitment and retention. Federal strategies, supported by state and local actions, can address these strains and strengthen the teaching profession.
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California’s Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF), enacted in 2013, created a simpler and more equitable K-12 education finance system. Research indicates it has helped to improve student outcomes and points to challenges in its fiscal design and opportunities to strengthen it.
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Equitable funding is vital to meet the needs of all students including English learners and low-income students, enabling targeted supports like bilingual education and social services. Understanding funding approaches and the resources needed to ensure meaningful learning opportunities is key to assessing whether states provide adequate support for student success.
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California has recently invested over $1 billion in targeted strategies to address teacher shortages. These efforts aim to expand the teacher pipeline in critical areas, make preparation programs more affordable and accessible, and attract well-prepared educators to high-need schools. Data indicate these programs are helping to build the pipeline.
